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The penny postcard became so popular during this era that photographers,
studios, printers, and business were always trying to find new and exciting
subjects to satisfy an audience that was hungry for new ideas to impress
their friend at home.
To make their cards stand out, people often sought
out real photographic postcards. Instead of mass-produced lithographs, these
were actual photographs made with a postcard printed back.
The photography studios often employed women to hand
tint and color the black & white photo postcards. Some of the best photo
postcards came from Germany, which was also famous for its detailed and
colorful lithography. Popular subjects for these photo postcards were women,
children, flowers, and young lovers, posed and arranged in an effort to
portray the idealized virtues of the Victorian Era.
A Mount Holyoke College student, Miss
Esther
Howland, crafted the first U.S. made valentines. Her father, a stationer in
Worcester, MA, imported valentines every year from England. Esther, however,
decided to create her own valentine messages. Around 1830 she began
importing lace, fine papers, and other supplies for her valentines. She
employed several assistants and her brothers helped market her "Worcester"
valentines. As one of our first successful U.S. career women her sales
amounted to about $100,000 per year in 1847 not bad for that era!!
A purchased valentine became the most popular way to declare love during the
early decades of the nineteenth century.
We've seen a change from the heavy sentimentality of
earlier days to what can best be described as a light touch. Nowadays a
valentine usually accompanies a more elaborate gift of candy, flowers,
perfume, etc.
American school children usually celebrate St.
Valentine's Day with a party at school. Prior to the party the children make
a decorated box with a slot in the top. During the party the children
distribute valentines to their classmates' Valentine's Box.
Valentine cards are manufactured on an enormous
scale today that range from the sentimental to sophisticated to humorous
valentines. There is a valentine for everyone--sweetheart, spouse, children,
parents, teacher and even your pet!
Symbols Found on Valentines
Ribbons, Laces and Frills
Ribbons and frills have been associated with romance
since the days of knighthood when a knight rode into battle with a ribbon or
scarf given him by his lady fair. The word "Lace" comes from a Latin word
meaning a “noose” or to "snare".
Victorian women carried lace handkerchiefs, if a
woman dropped her handkerchief a man might pick it up and return it to her
thus giving a reason to meet him or talk. She might even drop her lace
handkerchief on purpose!
Rings
In some countries men and women exchange rings when they become engaged or
marry. Valentines Day has been traditionally a popular day for giving an
engagement ring.
Hearts
To a beloved, there is no symbol as important as the heart. To give someone
your heart means to give to him or her one's whole being, for the heart is
at the center of one's existence. The heart stands for the most profound and
noblest of human emotions- that of love. Thus a heart, pierced by the
cupid's arrow, has become the most famous of the valentine's symbols.
Cupid
Cupid, the mischievous son of the Goddess of Love, Venus, is supposedly
responsible for people falling in love. According to the myths, anyone being
hit by Cupid's arrow falls in love with the first person he/she sees. His
mischievous intentions have led to some entertaining situations in various
legends. Cupid in the Roman mythology has Eros, the son of Aphrodite, as his
counterpart in the Greek Myths. The names of both these Gods are used
synonymously with the concept of love today.
Cherubs are descendants of Cupid. They are depicted
as lovable little winged creatures without arrows and quivers. Cherubs were
typically not mischievous like Cupid.
The Rose 
The rose, which is undoubtedly the most popular
flower in the world, speaks of love and has been the choice of lovers in
every century. If you rearrange the letters of the word rose you get Eros,
the god of Love.
The rose was a favorite flower of Venus, the Roman goddess
of love. Red is a color that stands for strong feelings. Thus a red rose
is a flower of love.
There are formal meanings of different colored roses
in some cultures. Each of these meanings is still used in society today, so
choose your color with care.
White roses are for true
love and purity of the mind.
Red roses are for love and passion.
Yellow roses are for friendship.
Black roses mean farewell.
Pink roses mean friendship or sweetheart.
Love Knot
A series of winding and interlacing loops with no
beginning and no end. It is a symbol of endless lover. People made love
knots from ribbons or drew them on paper. Often a message was written on
the love know. The message had no beginning or end it could be repeated
endlessly.
Young women in strict Muslim households used to send their pledges of love
to young men through messages woven through the knots of a carpet in an Arab
tradition.
Hands
A lady's hand was a favorite decoration that
depicted "femininity." Adding a frilly cuff and a jeweled ring on the third
finger enhanced its beauty. Clasped hands represent those of Queen Victoria
and Prince Albert and were symbols of the friendship between their countries
of Germany and England.
When a man proposed marriage he “asked for her hand”
The hand became a symbol of marriage and lover. Soon gloves also became a
symbol of love.
Love Birds and Doves 
It was thought that birds chose
their mate on
February 14.
Lovebirds are colorful parrots found in Africa. They
are called lovebirds because they sit closely together in pairs.
Doves were thought to be favorite birds of Venus.
They remain with the same mates all their lives. The males and females both
care for their babies. Because these birds are symbols of fidelity, loyalty,
and love, they have become the most endearing symbols of the spirit of
Valentine's Day.
Puzzik
A puzzik is a quaint sort of homemade valentine
circa 1840, which was a puzzle that the receiver had to solve. Not only did
she have to decipher the message but also to figure how to refold the paper
once it was opened. The order of the verses was usually numbered, and the
recipient had to twist the folds to determine what was being said.
Rebus
Although it had many forms, a rebus usually was a
romantic verse written in ink with certain words omitted and illustrated
with a picture. Meant to be a riddle, they were not always easy to
decipher.
Watch Papers
Popular when men carried pocket watches, these were
made to fit the back or front of a pocket watch.
-- Andy Gilchrist
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